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Content: 1 Basic concepts                  ( surveying hand written notes  ) 2 Linear measurements        ( surveying hand written notes  ) 3 Angular measurements     ( surveying...

The art of determining the relative heights of points on the surface of the earth is termed as “levelling.” Levelling surface is a surface that is perpendicular to the direction of gravity at every point .EX :-Surface of still water in a lack ,surface of a sea which is not affected...

Compass survey : It measures the angle between the magnetic meridian and a given line . Compass are classified into two types  1. Prismatic compass 2. Surveyors compass  Comment which subject or topics of PDF you want? click here to download civil engineering books and...

Tacheometer is a theodolite arranged with a stadia diaphram having three horizontal lines. The two stadia lines i.e. ,upper and lower are equidistant from the central horizontal line. 1. Tacheometric surveying is also known as the optical distance measuring method because...

This video contains questions of Survey which are generally asked in SSC JE, DMRC, UPSSSC and other state exams. ...

Plane table surveying is a graphical method of surveying in which field work and plotting are done simultaneously .It is mainly used for small and medium scale mapping ( 1:10,000 to 1:250,000) for plotting of topographical maps in an open area . Before starting  plane table survey...

Local attraction is the attraction of magnetic needle to a local magnetic field other than earth's magnetic field. It is caused by any iron material in the vicinity of compass station .Example Steel vehicle ,iron pipes , Transmission lines ,iron ore, arrow etc. Under the influence...

Contour: Line joining points of equal or same elevation called contour lines. Contour interval: Difference of elevation between two consecutive contour is called contour interval.Contour interval is kept same for a map .So that the different features can be identified just by looking...